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NEW QUESTION 1
What action can be taken on a FortiGate to block traffic using IPS protocol decoders, focusing on network transmission patterns and application signatures?
A. Use the DNS filter to block application signatures and protocol decoders.
B. Use application control to limit non-URL-based software handling.
C. Enable application detection-based SD-WAN rules.
D. Configure a web filter profile in flow mode.
Answer: B
Explanation:
FortiGate’s IPS protocol decoders analyze network transmission patterns and application signatures to identify and block malicious traffic. Application Control is the feature that allows FortiGate to detect, classify, and block applications based on their behavior and signatures, even when they do not rely on traditional URLs. Application Control works alongside IPS protocol decoders to inspect packet payloads and enforce security policies based on recognized application behaviors. It enables granular control over non-URL-based applications such as P2P traffic, VoIP, messaging apps, and other non-web-based protocols that IPS can identify through protocol decoders. IPS and Application Control together can detect evasive or encrypted applications that might bypass traditional firewall rules.
NEW QUESTION 2
An administrator is designing an ADVPN network for a large enterprise with spokes that have varying numbers of internet links. They want to avoid a high number of routes and peer connections at the hub.
Which method should be used to simplify routing and peer management?
A. Deploy a full-mesh VPN topology to eliminate hub dependency.
B. Implement static routing over IPsec interfaces for each spoke.
C. Use a dynamic routing protocol using loopback interfaces to streamline peers and routes.
D. Establish a traditional hub-and-spoke VPN topology with policy routes.
Answer: C
Explanation:
When designing an ADVPN (Auto-Discovery VPN) network for a large enterprise with spokes that have varying numbers of internet links, the main challenge is to minimize the number of peer connections and routes at the hub while maintaining scalability and efficiency. Using a dynamic routing protocol (such as BGP or OSPF) with loopback interfaces helps in several ways:
– Reduces the number of peer connections at the hub by using a single loopback address per spoke instead of individual physical interfaces.
– Enables simplified route advertisement by dynamically learning and propagating routes instead of manually configuring static routes.
– Supports multiple internet links per spoke efficiently, as dynamic routing can automatically adjust to the best available path.
– Allows seamless failover if a spoke’s internet link fails, ensuring continuous connectivity.
NEW QUESTION 3
A FortiGate device with UTM profiles is reaching the resource limits, and the administrator expects the traffic in the enterprise network to increase. The administrator has received an additional FortiGate of the same model. Which two protocols should the administrator use to integrate the additional FortiGate device into this enterprise network? (Choose two.)
A. FGSP with external load balancers.
B. FGCP in active-active mode and with switches.
C. FGCP in active-passive mode and with VDOM disabled.
D. VRRP with switches.
Answer: AB
Explanation:
When adding an additional FortiGate to an enterprise network that is already reaching its resource limits, the goal is to distribute traffic efficiently and ensure high availability. FGSP (FortiGate Session Life Support Protocol) with external load balancers FGSP allows session-aware load balancing between multiple FortiGate units without requiring them to be in an HA (High Availability) cluster. With external load balancers, incoming traffic is evenly distributed across multiple FortiGate devices. This approach is useful for scaling out traffic handling capacity while ensuring that sessions remain synchronized between firewalls. FGSP is effective when stateful failover is required but without the constraints of traditional HA. FGCP (FortiGate Clustering Protocol) in active-active mode and with switches FGCP active-active mode enables multiple FortiGate devices to share traffic loads, increasing throughput and efficiency. Active-active mode is suitable for balancing UTM processing across multiple FortiGates, making it ideal when resource limits are a concern. Using switches ensures redundancy and avoids single points of failure in the network. This mode is commonly used in enterprise networks where both scalability and redundancy are required.
NEW QUESTION 4
An administrator wants to scale the IBGP sessions and optimize the routing table in an IBGP network. Which parameter should the administrator configure?
A. network-import-check
B. ibgp-enforce-multihop
C. neighbor-group
D. route-reflector-client
Answer: D
Explanation:
In an IBGP (Internal BGP) network, all routers must be fully meshed, meaning every router must establish a BGP session with every other router in the same autonomous system (AS). This does not scale well in large networks due to the exponential increase in BGP sessions. To optimize and scale IBGP, Route Reflectors (RRs) are used. A Route Reflector (RR) reduces the number of IBGP peer connections by allowing a centralized router (RR) to redistribute IBGP routes to other IBGP peers (called clients). This eliminates the need for a full mesh, significantly reducing BGP session overhead. By configuring the route-reflector-client setting on IBGP peers, an administrator can:
– Scale IBGP sessions by reducing the number of direct BGP peer connections.
– Optimize the routing table by ensuring routes are efficiently propagated within the IBGP network.
– Eliminate the need for full mesh topology, making IBGP more manageable.
NEW QUESTION 5
A company that acquired multiple branches across different countries needs to install new FortiGate devices on each of those branches. However, the IT staff lacks sufficient knowledge to implement the initial configuration on the FortiGate devices. Which three approaches can the company take to successfully deploy advanced initial configurations on remote branches? (Choose three.)
A. Use metadata variables to dynamically assign values according to each FortiGate device.
B. Use provisioning templates and install configuration settings at the device layer.
C. Use the Global ADOM to deploy global object configurations to each FortiGate device.
D. Apply Jinja in the FortiManager scripts for large-scale and advanced deployments.
E. Add FortiGate devices on FortiManager as model devices, and use ZTP or LTP to connect to FortiGate devices.
Answer: ABE
Explanation:
– Use metadata variables to dynamically assign values according to each FortiGate device: Metadata variables in FortiManager allow device-specific configurations to be dynamically assigned without manually configuring each FortiGate. This is especially useful when deploying multiple devices with similar base configurations.
– Use provisioning templates and install configuration settings at the device layer: Provisioning templates in FortiManager provide a structured way to configure FortiGate devices. These templates can define interfaces, policies, and settings, ensuring that each device is correctly configured upon deployment.
– Add FortiGate devices on FortiManager as model devices, and use ZTP or LTP to connect to FortiGate devices: Zero-Touch Provisioning (ZTP) and Local Touch Provisioning (LTP) help automate the deployment of FortiGate devices. By adding devices as model devices in FortiManager, configurations can be pushed automatically when devices connect for the first time, reducing manual effort.
NEW QUESTION 6
An administrator is checking an enterprise network and sees a suspicious packet with the MAC address e0:23:ff:fc:00:86. What two conclusions can the administrator draw? (Choose two.)
A. The suspicious packet is related to a cluster that has VDOMs enabled.
B. The network includes FortiGate devices configured with the FGSP protocol.
C. The suspicious packet is related to a cluster with a group-id value lower than 255.
D. The suspicious packet corresponds to port 7 on a FortiGate device.
Answer: AC
Explanation:
The MAC address e0:23:ff:fc:00:86 follows the format used in FortiGate High Availability (HA) clusters. When FortiGate devices are in an HA configuration, they use virtual MAC addresses for failover and redundancy purposes.
– The suspicious packet is related to a cluster that has VDOMs enabled: FortiGate devices with Virtual Domains (VDOMs) enabled use specific MAC address ranges to differentiate HA-related traffic. This MAC address is likely part of that mechanism.
– The suspicious packet is related to a cluster with a group-id value lower than 255: FortiGate HA clusters assign virtual MAC addresses based on the group ID. The last octet (00:86) corresponds to a group ID that is below 255, confirming this option.
NEW QUESTION 7
A company’s guest internet policy, operating in proxy mode, blocks access to Artificial Intelligence Technology sites using FortiGuard. However, a guest user accessed a page in this category using port 8443. Which configuration changes are required for FortiGate to analyze HTTPS traffic on nonstandard ports like 8443 when full SSL inspection is active in the guest policy?
A. Add a URL wildcard domain to the website CA certificate and use it in the SSL/SSH Inspection Profile.
B. In the Protocol Port Mapping section of the SSL/SSH Inspection Profile, enter 443, 8443 to analyze both standard (443) and non-standard (8443) HTTPS ports.
C. To analyze nonstandard ports in web filter profiles, use TLSv1.3 in the SSL/SSH Inspection Profile.
D. Administrators can block traffic on nonstandard ports by enabling the SNI check in the SSL/SSH Inspection Profile.
Answer: B
Explanation:
When FortiGate is operating in proxy mode with full SSL inspection enabled, it inspects encrypted HTTPS traffic by default on port 443. However, some websites may use non-standard HTTPS ports (such as 8443), which FortiGate does not inspect unless explicitly configured. To ensure that FortiGate inspects HTTPS traffic on port 8443, administrators must manually add port 8443 in the Protocol Port Mapping section of the SSL/SSH Inspection Profile. This allows FortiGate to treat HTTPS traffic on port 8443 the same as traffic on port 443, enabling proper inspection and enforcement of FortiGuard category-based web filtering.
NEW QUESTION 8
An administrator needs to install an IPS profile without triggering false positives that can impact applications and cause problems with the user’s normal traffic flow. Which action can the administrator take to prevent false positives on IPS analysis?
A. Use the IPS profile extension to select an operating system, protocol, and application for all the network internal services and users to prevent false positives.
B. Enable Scan Outgoing Connections to avoid clicking suspicious links or attachments that can deliver botnet malware and create false positives.
C. Use an IPS profile with action monitor, however, the administrator must be aware that this can compromise network integrity.
D. Install missing or expired SSUTLS certificates on the client PC to prevent expected false positives.
Answer: A
Explanation:
False positives in Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) analysis can disrupt legitimate traffic and negatively impact user experience. To reduce false positives while maintaining security, administrators can:
– Use IPS profile extensions to fine-tune the settings based on the organization’s environment. Select the correct operating system, protocol, and application types to ensure that IPS signatures match the network’s actual traffic patterns, reducing false positives.
– Customize signature selection based on the network’s specific services, filtering out unnecessary or irrelevant signatures.
NEW QUESTION 9
Why does the ISDB block layers 3 and 4 of the OSI model when applying content filtering? (Choose two.)
A. FortiGate has a predefined list of all IPs and ports for specific applications downloaded from FortiGuard.
B. The ISDB blocks the IP addresses and ports of an application predefined by FortiGuard.
C. The ISDB works in proxy mode, allowing the analysis of packets in layers 3 and 4 of the OSI model.
D. The ISDB limits access by URL and domain.
Answer: AB
Explanation:
The Internet Service Database (ISDB) in FortiGate is used to enforce content filtering at Layer 3 (Network Layer) and Layer 4 (Transport Layer) of the OSI model by identifying applications based on their predefined IP addresses and ports.
– FortiGate has a predefined list of all IPs and ports for specific applications downloaded from FortiGuard: FortiGate retrieves and updates a predefined list of IPs and ports for different internet services from FortiGuard. This allows FortiGate to block specific services at Layer 3 and Layer 4 without requiring deep packet inspection.
– The ISDB blocks the IP addresses and ports of an application predefined by FortiGuard: ISDB works by matching traffic to known IP addresses and ports of categorized services. When an application or service is blocked, FortiGate prevents communication by denying traffic based on its destination IP and port number.
NEW QUESTION 10
A user reports that their computer was infected with malware after accessing a secured HTTPS website. However, when the administrator checks the FortiGate logs, they do not see that the website was detected as insecure despite having an SSL certificate and correct profiles applied on the policy. How can an administrator ensure that FortiGate can analyze encrypted HTTPS traffic on a website?
A. The administrator must enable reputable websites to allow only SSL/TLS websites rated by FortiGuard web filter.
B. The administrator must enable URL extraction from SNI on the SSL certificate inspection to ensure the TLS three-way handshake is correctly analyzed by FortiGate.
C. The administrator must enable DNS over TLS to protect against fake Server Name Indication (SNI) that cannot be analyzed in common DNS requests on HTTPS websites.
D. The administrator must enable full SSL inspection in the SSL/SSH Inspection Profile to decrypt packets and ensure they are analyzed as expected.
Answer: D
Explanation:
FortiGate, like other security appliances, cannot analyze encrypted HTTPS traffic unless it decrypts it first. If only certificate inspection is enabled, FortiGate can see the certificate details (such as the domain and issuer) but cannot inspect the actual web content. To fully analyze the traffic and detect potential malware threats:
– Full SSL inspection (Deep Packet Inspection) must be enabled in the SSL/SSH Inspection Profile. This allows FortiGate to decrypt the HTTPS traffic, inspect the content, and then re-encrypt it before forwarding it to the user.
– Without full SSL inspection, threats embedded in encrypted traffic may go undetected.
NEW QUESTION 11
During the maintenance window, an administrator must sniff all the traffic going through a specific firewall policy, which is handled by NP6 interfaces. The output of the sniffer trace provides just a few packets. Why is the output of sniffer trace limited?
A. The traffic corresponding to the firewall policy is encrypted.
B. auto-asic-off load is set to enable in the firewall policy.
C. inspection-mode is set to proxy in the firewall policy.
D. The option npudbg is not added in the diagnose sniff packet command.
Answer: B
Explanation:
FortiGate devices with NP6 (Network Processor 6) acceleration offload traffic directly to hardware, bypassing the CPU for improved performance. When auto-asic-offload is enabled in a firewall policy, most of the traffic does not reach the CPU, which means it won’t be captured by the standard sniffer trace command. Since NP6-accelerated traffic is handled entirely in hardware, only a small portion of initial packets (such as session setup packets or exceptions) might be seen in the sniffer output. To capture all packets, the administrator must disable hardware offloading using:
config firewall policy
edit <policy_ID>
set auto-asic-offload disable
end
Disabling ASIC offload forces traffic to be processed by the CPU, allowing the sniffer tool to capture all packets.
NEW QUESTION 12
An administrator received a FortiAnalyzer alert that a 1 disk filled up in a day. Upon investigation, they found thousands of unusual DNS log requests, such as JHCMQK.website.com, with no answers. They later discovered that DNS exfiltration was occurring through both UDP and TLS. How can the administrator prevent this data theft technique?
A. Create an inline-CASB to protect against DNS exfiltration.
B. Configure a File Filter profile to prevent DNS exfiltration.
C. Enable DNS Filter to protect against DNS exfiltration.
D. Use an IPS profile and DNS exfiltration-related signatures.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The excessive DNS log requests with random subdomains suggest a DNS exfiltration attack, where attackers encode and transmit data via DNS queries. Since this technique can use both UDP and TLS (DoH – DNS over HTTPS), a comprehensive security approach is needed. Using an IPS profile with DNS exfiltration-specific signatures allows FortiGate to:
– Detect and block abnormal DNS query patterns often used in exfiltration.
– Inspect encrypted DNS (DoH, DoT) traffic if SSL inspection is enabled.
– Identify known exfiltration domains and techniques based on FortiGuard threat intelligence.
NEW QUESTION 13
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